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PL/SQL Exception handling

ex

BEGIN
    -- first insert
    BEGIN
        Insert into myTab(ID,NAME) values (1,'name1');
    EXCEPTION 
        when DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX then
            null; -- do something or ignore the error
    END;

    -- second insert
    BEGIN
        Insert into myTab(ID,NAME) values (2,'name2');
    EXCEPTION 
        when DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX then
            null; -- do something or ignore the error
    END;
END;

There are two types of exceptions defined in PL/SQL

User defined exception.
System defined exceptions.

System defined exceptions:

System-defined exceptions are further divided into two categories:

Named system exceptions.
Unnamed system exceptions.

Named system exceptions: They have a predefined name by the system like ACCESS_INTO_NULL, DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX, LOGIN_DENIED etc.....

NO_DATA_FOUND: It is raised WHEN a SELECT INTO statement returns no rows

TOO_MANY_ROWS

more

ZERO_DIVIDE = raises exception WHEN dividing with zero

Unnamed system exceptions:Oracle doesn’t provide name for some system exceptions called unnamed system exceptions.These exceptions don’t occur frequently.These exceptions have two parts code and an associated message.
The way to handle to these exceptions is to assign name to them using Pragma EXCEPTION_INIT
Syntax:

PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(exception_name, -error_number);

error_number are pre-defined and have negative integer range from -20000 to -20999.

Example:

DECLARE

exp exception;

pragma exception_init (exp, -20015);

n int:=10;

BEGIN

.......

RAISE exp;

........

EXCEPTION

WHEN exp THEN

dbms_output.put_line('aaaa');

END;

Scope rules in exception handling:

We can’t DECLARE an exception twice but we can DECLARE the same exception in two dIFferent blocks.

Exceptions DECLAREd inside a block are local to that block and globalto all its sub-blocks.

As a block can reference only local or global exceptions, enclosing blocks cannot reference exceptions DECLAREd in a sub-block.

If we reDECLARE a global exception in a sub-block, the local declaration prevails i.e. the scope of local is more.

Example:

DECLARE

AAAAA EXCEPTION;

age NUMBER:=16;

BEGIN

-- sub-block BEGINs

DECLARE

-- this declaration prevails

AAAAA EXCEPTION;

age NUMBER:=22;

BEGIN

IF age > 16 THEN

RAISE AAAAA ; /* this is not handled*/

END IF;

END;

-- sub-block ends

EXCEPTION

-- Does not handle raised exception

WHEN AAAAA THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE

('Handling AAAAA exception.');

WHEN OTHERS THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE

('Could not recognize exception AAAAA in this scope.');

END;

------------------------

LIST of Ex

Exception	Oracle Error	SQLCODE Value
`ACCESS_INTO_NULL`	`ORA-06530`	`-6530`
`CASE_NOT_FOUND`	`ORA-06592`	`-6592`
`COLLECTION_IS_NULL`	`ORA-06531`	`-6531`
`CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN`	`ORA-06511`	`-6511`
`DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX`	`ORA-00001`	`-1`
`INVALID_CURSOR`	`ORA-01001`	`-1001`
`INVALID_NUMBER`	`ORA-01722`	`-1722`
`LOGIN_DENIED`	`ORA-01017`	`-1017`
`NO_DATA_FOUND`	`ORA-01403`	`+100`
`NOT_LOGGED_ON`	`ORA-01012`	`-1012`
`PROGRAM_ERROR`	`ORA-06501`	`-6501`
`ROWTYPE_MISMATCH`	`ORA-06504`	`-6504`
`SELF_IS_NULL`	`ORA-30625`	`-30625`
`STORAGE_ERROR`	`ORA-06500`	`-6500`
`SUBSCRIPT_BEYOND_COUNT`	`ORA-06533`	`-6533`
`SUBSCRIPT_OUTSIDE_LIMIT`	`ORA-06532`	`-6532`
`SYS_INVALID_ROWID`	`ORA-01410`	`-1410`
`TIMEOUT_ON_RESOURCE`	`ORA-00051`	`-51`
`TOO_MANY_ROWS`	`ORA-01422`	`-1422`
`VALUE_ERROR`	`ORA-06502`	`-6502`
`ZERO_DIVIDE`	`ORA-01476`	`-1476`

Brief descriptions of the predefined exceptions follow:

Exception	Raised when ...
`ACCESS_INTO_NULL`	Your program attempts to assign values to the attributes of an uninitialized (atomically null) object.
`CASE_NOT_FOUND`	None of the choices in the `WHEN` clauses of a `CASE` statement is selected, and there is no `ELSE` clause.
`COLLECTION_IS_NULL`	Your program attempts to apply collection methods other than EXISTS to an uninitialized (atomically null) nested table or varray, or the program attempts to assign values to the elements of an uninitialized nested table or varray.
`CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN`	Your program attempts to open an already open cursor. A cursor must be closed before it can be reopened. A cursor FOR loop automatically opens the cursor to which it refers. So, your program cannot open that cursor inside the loop.
`DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX`	Your program attempts to store duplicate values in a database column that is constrained by a unique index.
`INVALID_CURSOR`	Your program attempts an illegal cursor operation such as closing an unopened cursor.
`INVALID_NUMBER`	In a SQL statement, the conversion of a character string into a number fails because the string does not represent a valid number. (In procedural statements, VALUE_ERROR is raised.) This exception is also raised when the `LIMIT`-clause expression in a bulk `FETCH` statement does not evaluate to a positive number.
`LOGIN_DENIED`	Your program attempts to log on to Oracle with an invalid username and/or password.
`NO_DATA_FOUND`	A SELECT INTO statement returns no rows, or your program references a deleted element in a nested table or an uninitialized element in an index-by table. SQL aggregate functions such as AVG and SUM always return a value or a null. So, a SELECT INTO statement that calls an aggregate function never raises NO_DATA_FOUND. The FETCH statement is expected to return no rows eventually, so when that happens, no exception is raised.
`NOT_LOGGED_ON`	Your program issues a database call without being connected to Oracle.
`PROGRAM_ERROR`	PL/SQL has an internal problem.
`ROWTYPE_MISMATCH`	The host cursor variable and PL/SQL cursor variable involved in an assignment have incompatible return types. For example, when an open host cursor variable is passed to a stored subprogram, the return types of the actual and formal parameters must be compatible.
`SELF_IS_NULL`	Your program attempts to call a MEMBER method on a null instance. That is, the built-in parameter SELF (which is always the first parameter passed to a MEMBER method) is null.
`STORAGE_ERROR`	PL/SQL runs out of memory or memory has been corrupted.
`SUBSCRIPT_BEYOND_COUNT`	Your program references a nested table or varray element using an index number larger than the number of elements in the collection.
`SUBSCRIPT_OUTSIDE_LIMIT`	Your program references a nested table or varray element using an index number (-1 for example) that is outside the legal range.
`SYS_INVALID_ROWID`	The conversion of a character string into a universal rowid fails because the character string does not represent a valid rowid.
`TIMEOUT_ON_RESOURCE`	A time-out occurs while Oracle is waiting for a resource.
`TOO_MANY_ROWS`	A SELECT INTO statement returns more than one row.
`VALUE_ERROR`	An arithmetic, conversion, truncation, or size-constraint error occurs. For example, when your program selects a column value into a character variable, if the value is longer than the declared length of the variable, PL/SQL aborts the assignment and raises VALUE_ERROR. In procedural statements, VALUE_ERROR is raised if the conversion of a character string into a number fails. (In SQL statements, INVALID_NUMBER is raised.)
`ZERO_DIVIDE`	Your program attempts to divide a number by zero.

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